Le Zimbabwe connaît une croissance significative de ses marchés nocturnes, qui attirent de plus en plus de visiteurs.
Par Triboland.com
Dans les rues du Zimbabwe, une transformation silencieuse mais palpable s’opère. Alors que l’économie du pays continue de fléchir, les consommateurs abandonnent peu à peu les épiceries traditionnelles. La nuit, les marchés informels et illégaux prennent vie, offrant une alternative aux prix inaccessibles des supermarchés, tout en échappant aux contrôles policiers fréquents durant la journée.
Ces marchés nocturnes regorgent de produits à des prix défiant toute concurrence. Les articles y sont souvent vendus en dollars américains, une devise que beaucoup préfèrent à la monnaie locale, dont la valeur se déprécie à grande vitesse.
En avril, le gouvernement a tenté de redresser la barre en introduisant une nouvelle monnaie, le ZiG (Zimbabwe Gold), adossée à l’or. Cela représentait un nouvel espoir pour une économie meurtrie, une promesse de stabilité après des années de crise monétaire. Pourtant, cette initiative n’était pas la première ; c’était en réalité la sixième tentative du pays de doter ses citoyens d’une monnaie fiable depuis l’effondrement du dollar zimbabwéen en 2009, qui avait entraîné une hyperinflation vertigineuse. Les premiers jours ont suscité un certain enthousiasme, mais déjà, les signes de faiblesse du ZiG apparaissaient, sa valeur chutant et l’écart avec les taux de change du marché noir se creusant.
Dans ce contexte chaotique, les magasins traditionnels se retrouvent en difficulté. Obligés d’accepter la monnaie locale, ils peinent à concurrencer le secteur informel. Les vendeurs de rue, échappant aux frais imposés par les lois et les taxes, peuvent ainsi proposer des produits à des prix bien plus bas. Une simple boîte de jus, vendue à 3 $ dans un supermarché, se trouve à moitié prix dans la rue.
Les marchés informels, où des enfants participent souvent aux échanges, sont devenus le pilier de l’économie. Plus de 80 % de la population active y trouve sa place. Parmi eux, Oswald Gari, un vendeur déterminé, soutient sa famille de dix personnes grâce à ses ventes nocturnes, un moyen d’éviter les interactions avec la police. Dans un contexte où l’emploi formel s’effondre et où l’industrie peine à redémarrer, ces activités informelles sont devenues une bouée de sauvetage pour de nombreux Zimbabwéens, un moyen de subsister dans un monde incertain.
Triboland latortue panj
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